3Sum

题目: Given an array S of n integers, are there elements a, b, c in S such that a + b + c = 0? Find all unique triplets in the array which gives the sum of zero.

Elements in a triplet (a,b,c) must be in non-descending order. (ie, a ≤ b ≤ c) The solution set must not contain duplicate triplets.

分析:

首先,他要求结果的triplets有顺序,所以肯定需要O(nlogn)的sort。

除此之外,要注意每个循环的最开始需要验证nums[i] != nums[i - 1]以保证不会出现重复的数据。

最后,因为题目是3Sum是否为0,所以需要取其中一个数作为target,然后对剩余两个数做2Sum。

特别注意,在最外层做for循环的时候,i = 0 ~ size - 2是可以的,但是i = 2 ~ size是不行的,
因为你跳过重复i的时候不能保证前面的所有nums[i]都不会在被用到,所以会丢解。

解答:

class Solution {
public:    
    /**
     * @param numbers : Give an array numbers of n integer
     * @return : Find all unique triplets in the array which gives the sum of zero.
     */
    vector<vector<int> > threeSum(vector<int> &nums) {
        // write your code here
        vector<vector<int> > res;
        if (nums.size() < 3) {
            return res;
        }
        sort(nums.begin(), nums.end() );
        for (int i = 0; i < nums.size() - 2; i++) {
            if (i != 0 && nums[i] == nums[i - 1]) {
                continue;
            }
            int start = i + 1;
            int end = nums.size() - 1;
            int target = -nums[i];
            while(start < end) {
                int sum = nums[start] + nums[end];
                if (sum == target) {
                    vector<int> triple(3);
                    triple[0] = nums[i];
                    triple[1] = nums[start];
                    triple[2] = nums[end];
                    res.push_back(triple);
                    start++;
                    end--;
                    while (start < end && nums[start] == nums[start - 1]) {
                        start++;
                    }
                    while (start < end && nums[end] == nums[end + 1]) {
                        end--;
                    }
                } else if (sum > target) {
                    end--;
                } else { // sum < target
                    start++;
                }
            }
        }
        return res;
    }
};

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